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Previous reports have described the effects of vitamin D on hair follicles.Objectives Deficient vitamin D levels have been implicated in patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases in recent years. We have defined the genetic underpinnings of AA, placing it within the context of shared pathways among autoimmune diseases, and implicating a novel disease mechanism, the upregulation of ULBP ligands, in triggering autoimmunity.Īlopecia areata is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease that causes inflammation around anagen-stage hair follicles. This study provides evidence for the involvement of both innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis of AA. By probing the role of ULBP3 in disease pathogenesis, we also show that its expression in lesional scalp from patients with AA is markedly upregulated in the hair follicle dermal sheath during active disease. A region of strong association resides within the ULBP (cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein) gene cluster on chromosome 6q25.1, encoding activating ligands of the natural killer cell receptor NKG2D that have not previously been implicated in an autoimmune disease. We also find association evidence for regions containing genes expressed in the hair follicle itself (PRDX5 and STX17). Here we show an association with genomic regions containing several genes controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), interleukin (IL)-2/IL-21, IL-2 receptor A (IL-2RA CD25) and Eos (also known as Ikaros family zinc finger 4 IKZF4), as well as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of 1,054 cases and 3,278 controls and identified 139 single nucleotide polymorphisms that are significantly associated with AA (P mean level of RBC folate was significantly lower in the patient group than that in controls (P < 0.001). Levels of serum Hcys, blood high-sensitivity CRP, and RBC folate were measured in all subjects. This study was performed on 29 patients who had AA for at least 6 months affecting more than 20% of scalp, and 32 healthy controls.

To evaluate homocysteine, folate and CRP level in AA. As the role of homocysteine (Hcys), folate, and CRP has been considered in some autoimmune diseases.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common type of hair loss with an autoimmune basis.